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表語倒裝的種類

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表語倒裝的種類

(1)形容詞+連繫動詞+主語

Present at the meeting were Mr Li, Mr Wang and many other teachers.

出席會議的有李老師、王老師和其他很多老師。

(2)過去分詞+連繫動詞+主語

Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.

我們使用洋油的日子一去不復返了。

(3)介詞短語+be+主語

Among the goods are books, exercise-books, pens and some other things.

在所有的貨物中有書、練習冊、鋼筆和其他東西。

其他類型的倒裝句:

1、Such is life之類的倒裝

這類句子中的such其實為表語,真正的主語是其後的life。如:

Such is his nature.他的本性就這樣。

2、表示祝願的句子的倒裝

May you succeed!祝你成功!

英語句子使用的目的,可分為四大類:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感歎句。這四大類型句子都有可能出現倒裝句。倒裝句分為全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種類型。淺析如下:

一、疑問句中出現的倒裝句

1、 特殊疑問句中

(1)What is this?(全倒裝)

(2)Which do you want?(部分倒裝)

2、 一般疑問句

(1)Do you study English every day?(部分倒裝)

(2)May I come in?

(3)Are you going to be a teacher?

特殊疑問句中,如果疑問詞做主語或疑問詞修飾主語時,句子不用倒裝,即用陳述語序。例如:Who did it yesterday? Which guy can do this work?

一般疑問句中,常把助動詞或情態動詞放在句首,即位於主語前,而構成部分倒裝。

二、感歎句中出現倒裝句

1、 What引導的感歎句

(1)What a happy life we have had!(賓語在主語前面)

(2)What a fine day it is!(表語在主語前面)

(3)What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us!

2、 How引導的感歎句

(1)How happy we are!(表語在前面)

(2)How hard they are working!(狀語在前面)

(3)How nice a day it is!

3、 副詞引導詞引導的感歎句

(1)There comes the bus!

(2)In come the students!

(3)Off goes the worker!

What或how 引導的句子,主謂也有不倒裝的。

What所強調的重點是名詞,這一名詞一般是表語或賓語,有時所強調的名詞可能是主語。例如:What enormous crowd came!(《當代英語語法》中冊P87)。What也可單獨使用。例句:What she suffered in the old days!(《英語分類句型》P90)

How修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞。有時how many的搭配也可修飾名詞。For how many years have I waited! 該短語作狀語。(《當代英語語法》)

副詞引導詞位於句首,一方面為了強調,另一方面使情景生動。主語是名詞時,主謂倒裝如果主語是人稱代詞,主謂不倒裝。例如:Away he went to the station!

三、祈使句中出現的倒裝

1、 Long live the king! (《最新實用英漢辭典》P769)

2、 Long live the People’s Republic of China!

3、 May you succeed! 祝你成功!

Long may he live! 願他長命百歲!(《英華大辭典》P780)

4、 Don’t you open the door. Don’t anyone open the door.(《當代英語語法》中冊P85)

祈使句一般無主語,有時也有主語出現。祈使句的主語要重讀,代詞也要重讀(陳述句的主語一般不重讀)。祈使句常用句號。表示一種強烈感情時,句子用感歎號。

四、陳述句中出現的幾種倒裝句

1、 主謂倒裝

(1)Long long ago, there was a war between the birds and the beasts.

(2)Once upon a time there were six blind men in India.

(3)“Come along, then.” said the bird.

(4) toward the end there came the terrible storm...

2、 表語倒裝

(1)Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man of great achievements.(全倒裝句)

(2)Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.

(3)A very reliable person he is.(主語是人稱代詞時,主謂不倒裝)(《英語分類句型》P400)

3、 賓語倒裝

(1)Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.

(2)Twenty-one dollars they took for it.

(3)Not a single mistake did he make.

(4)Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.

賓語在前時,多數屬於強調部分,句子一般不加助動詞,偶爾也有助動詞出現,如例句(3)。

五、複合句中的倒裝

(1)I take back what I said.

(2) the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain.(要是沒有那位船長,就會連船帶人都沉沒了。)

(3)Were I you,I would go with him.

(4)Proud as these nobles are,he is afraid to see me.

(5)Not only was everything that he had taken away from him,but also his German citizenship.

(6)Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.

(7)The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.

六、其他倒裝

陳述句中為了保持句子平衡或為了強調錶語、賓語、狀語等成分,或使上下文緊密銜接時,使用倒裝句。

(1)On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words,“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”(定語從句中,主語的同位語太長)

(2)They entered the classroom,in front of which sat a naughty boy.(使上下文緊密銜接)

(3)Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.(主語加上定語後太長而表語短

完全倒裝的基本形式是“謂語+主語”,主要涉及以下幾種類型:

一、here類

當表示地點的here和 there位於句首時,其後用完全倒裝形式。這類倒裝句的謂語通常是動詞be和come, go等表示移動或動態的不及物動詞。如:

Here’s Tom. 湯姆在這裏。

There’s Jim. 吉姆在那兒。

Here comes the bus. 公共汽車來了。

There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

There goes the last train. 最後一班火車開走了。

這類倒裝句的主語只能是名詞,若主語為代詞,則不能倒裝。如:

Here it comes. 它來了。

二、away類

副詞away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位於句首時,其後也用完全倒裝語序。這類倒裝句的謂語通常表示動態的不及物動詞。如:

Away went the runners. 賽跑選手們跑遠了。

Round and round flew the plane. 飛機盤旋着。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 門開了,史密斯先生進了來。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,傘都撐起來了。

這類倒裝句的主語也只能是名詞,若主語為代詞,則不用倒裝。如:

Away he went. 他跑遠了。

Down it came. 它掉了下來。

三、狀語或表語類

為了保持句子平衡或使上下文銜接緊密,有時可將狀語或表語置於句首,句中主語和謂語完全倒裝。如:

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在這些人當中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户邊坐着一個年輕人,手裏拿着一本雜誌。

在表語置於句首的這類倒裝結構中,要注意其中的謂語應與其後的主語保持一致,而不是與位於句首的表語保持一致。比較:

In the box was a cat. 箱子裏是一隻貓。

In the box were some cats. 箱子裏是一些貓。

四、非謂語動詞類

有時為了強調,可將謂語部分的現在分詞、過去分詞或不定式置於句首,從而構成倒裝。如:

Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一個古老的村莊被埋在這沙土之中。

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列問題要仔細考慮。

Tags:表語 倒裝