酯在酸、鹼水溶液中水解,例如:CH3COOCH2CH3+H2O—H△→CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOCH2CH3+NaOH=△ H2O=CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH【酸性條件下水解的機理是:先羰基質子化,活化羰基後進行加成-消去,加成上水,消去一分子醇鹼性條件下水解的機理是:OH-進攻羰基,生成四面體過渡態,之後RO-離去,生成羧酸鹽與醇。】